Study On The Mergers And Acquisitions Of Icici Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 2115 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Research paper Did you like this example? Mergers and acquisitions have become the most frequently used methods of growth for companies in the twenty first century. They present a company with a potentially larger market share and open it up to a more diversified market. A merger is considered to be successful, if it increases the acquiring firms value; most mergers have actually been known to benefit both competition and consumers by allowing firms to operate more efficiently. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Study On The Mergers And Acquisitions Of Icici Finance Essay" essay for you Create order However, it has to be noted that some mergers and acquisitions have the capacity to decrease competition in various ways. The merger between ICICI bank and Bank of Madura presented ICICI Bank with the opportunity to expand its perspective through having access to retail banking markets and clientele in the regions where its previous exposure had been virtually inexistent. The merger gave the firm that extra growth and competitive edge that it was looking for to compete with HDFC Bank, SBI and other rivals. Research has shown that due to increasing advances in technology and banking processes, which make transactions, among other aspects of business, more effective and efficient, mergers and acquisitions have become more frequent today than ever before. INTRODUCTION: ICICI is one of the leading private sector banks in India, which combines financial strength with a reputation for innovation and a universal culture that embraces change.ICICI, a huge presence on the Indian financial scene, has an element of enormity in all that it does from ambition to projections and achievements. Ranked as the number one Bank India several times, this institution appears virtually unstoppable, but can it, in fact, fall prey to weakness? ICICIs impressive rise over the last couple decades cannot be denied, but now as the brand starts to over extend with a dizzying array of products and services Bank of Madura was established in 1943 by Karumuttu Thiagarajan Chettiar. It acquired Chettinad Mercantile Bank (est. 1933) and Illanji Bank (est. 1904) in the 1960s. Bank of Madura was a Chettiar bank with a large customer base of 2 million plus customers and a network of more than 280 branches and 40+ ATMs centres spread across about 100 cities in India. The bank merged with ICICI Bank Limited Announcing the decisions of the two boards, ICICI Banks managing director and CEO H N Sinor and the Bank of Maduras chairman Dr K M Thiagarajan told a joint press conference in Chennai that once the merger was compelete the combined entity would be the largest private sector bank in the country in terms of assets which they said was estimated to be Rs 16,000 crore. (Verma, 2010) LITERATURE REVIEW: CHANGE MANAGEMENT: It is an organized approach to trade with change, both from view of an organization and on in the individual level. As in an organization changes transform by the leader Jamie Dimon for the reputation and profitability of an organization. CHANGE MODELS: Lewins change model is dividing three parts: https://www.lmcuk.com/outputImage.php?imageName=%2FuserFiles%2F2_Management%20Tools%2Fbusiness-culture-Lerwins-3-step-model.jpgwidth=563height=mode=1ÂÂ ¬_fixed= Source: https://www.lmcuk.com/management-tool/lewins-3-stage-model Unfreezing: The first stage in Lewins change model in which group members become dissatisfied with the status quo. Change : The second stage in Lewins change model in which group members alter their patterns of behaviour. Refreezing: The final stage in Lewins change model in which group members institutionalize the new patterns of behaviour into a new status quo. LEADERSHIP: Directing coordinating the works of group members (Fiedler, 1997) The process of influencing an organized group toward accomplishing its goals (Behling, 1984) The Chairman of Bank of Madura, Dr. K. M. Thiagarajan understood cultural and financial advantage breaks concerning ICICI ABNK AND MADURA. He considered that in future it will become very difficult for smaller banks to compete, he told presspersons here that the decision to merge Bank of Madura with ICICI Bankwas taken after a lot of thought. You have to take a long-term view, he said. In a competitive environment where margins were under pressure this could prove difficult, he felt. Alternatively, these banks could raise fresh capital. The kind of premium that could be demanded depended largely on the share value. Unfortunately, markets and investors, rightly or wrongly in my opinion wrongly put all banks into one basket, he rued. ISSUES: I ICICI Bank, the trigger for this deal may have had its origin in the unfavourable market reaction to its proposed merger plan with its parent ICICI. It needed to grow after all size helps gain entry into big ticket lending. Small may be beautiful, but big is powerful, as a banking expert put it. (2) Get it, get it big, get niche or get out is the simple survival formula for Indian banks here on. The impending merger of ICICI Bank and Bank of Madura holds out that lesson. Ever since the ground-breaking merger of HDFC Bank and Times Bank in November 19 99, all new private banks had begun the mating dance. (3) The ICICI Bank-Bank of Madura merger is that it is a mix of the old and new. They may not have the matching fit in terms of non-unionised, automated environment, with skilled and lean staff, that characterised the HDFC Bank-Times Bank merger. (Narayanan, 2010) CONSEQUENCES OF MERGER: 1 The bank was looking at a branch network of 350-400, which would have taken at least five years to achieve. The merger would provide this network immediately and would enable them spread their network to 16 States. 2-Moreover, to get an additional 1.2 million customers, which is BoMs client base now, it would have required a minimum of two years. Thus, the merger enables ICICI to have an aggregate of 2.7 million customer base and a combined asset base of Rs.16,000 crore, cross selling opportunities for assets and other products, and good cash management services. 3-BoM is strong in south India states and ICICI is very strong in Central and North Indian states, which would give a complacent advantage to both the banks. 4-The book value of ICICI Bank share is Rs.60 and that of BoM is Rs.233. The EPS of ICICI Bank is Rs.7 while that of BoM is Rs.44, and the last dividend paid by the former was 15 per cent while that by the latter was 55 per cent. Thus the merger is consider ed to be EPS accretive for ICICI Bank shareholders by 23 per cent, from Rs.7.10 per share annualised to Rs.8.70 per share annualised, based on September 2000 figures. THE MERGER: The indication is varied as to whether mergers increase companys performance. As times, companies make forecasts for development, increased competence, and greater profits. Though, more habitually before not, those estimates prove to be over overstated, and this also leads to dissatisfactions on the side of investors, shareholders and the management complex in the merger. MERGER WITH BANK OF MADURA: ICICI BANK AND BANK OF MADURA. This merger (ICICI Bank-BoM) brings together two entities that have grown in different environments. ICICI follows Banks 2000 software, which is totally different from that of BoMs ISBS software package. Though the size of ICICI Bank is almost thrice that of BoMs in terms of deposits, the number of employees in ICICI is around 1400 compared to 2500 employees in BoM. With the manual interpretations and procedures and the lack of awareness of the technology utilisation in BoM, there would be many hindrances in the merged entity. Hence to eradicate a ll such problems, a core group from both the banks has been constituted to help in the integration. Besides, ICICI also plans to set up sub-groups to look into areas such as IT, audit and HR. ICICI Bank, after having been scouting for long time to acquire a private sector bank, had held talks with Global Trust Bank and Centurion Bank and has finally merged with Bank of Madura at a swap ratio of 2:1 i.e., two shares of ICICI Bank for each share of BoM. The deal has created one of the biggest entities in the private sector with the merged entity having total assets of Rs.16, 000 crore as on September 2000. The share exchange ratio was worked out by Deloitte, Haskins and Sells, which acted as independent valuers to the transaction. DSP Merrill Lynch Ltd had acted as advisors to BoM while Kotak Mahindra Capital Company advised ICICI Bank on the merger process. (Babu, march 2001) The proposed merger of ICICI Bank and Bank of Madura lead to sustained market interest in the two stocks in the short-term. BoM closed at Rs.131.60 on the BSE, up from Rs 121.90 and ICICI Bank closed at Rs.169.85, up from Rs.151.40 on Dec 11, 2000. On Dec 15, 2000, BoM closed at Rs.166 on BSE and ICICI Bank ended at 157 despite the steep fall of the markets. CHANGE AFTER MERGER: The merger concerning ICICI bank and Bank of Madura accessible ICICI bank with the chance to increase its perspective over providing the firm with admission to retail banking markets and custom in the areas where its previous contact had been almost inexistent. The merger gave the firm that additional growing and inexpensive advantage that it was looking for to contest with Citigroup and other competitors. Investigation has shown that due to cumulative advances in technology and banking procedures, which type transactions, among other features of business, extra effective and well-organized, mergers and successes have become more recurring. (Nilesh, 2009) CHANGE AGENT: Change agent human ability or company body of things to gating a higher degree of outcome. Start with the finish in mind, the aim of a change agent is really to make changes. Result of change agent work is to allow people to do more, or search a new and good perspective on life. K V Kamath as change agent When K V kamath came back from ADB (Asian Development bank) in 1996,working there for 8 enriching years. Kamath, have seen the changes occurring in the financial sector abroad, wanted ICICI to become a one-stop shop for financial services. But there were basic problems in the organization like ignorance in the organization about the lending practices in the new sectors like infrastructure, problem of atrophy ( which was deep rooted in the organization), lack of motivation to grow and improve customer services and adapt to new technology( use of internet, atm for fast services). (Alias-i, 2010) RESISTANCE TO CHANGE: ICICI had to face change resistance once again in December 2 000, when ICICI Bank was merged with Bank of Madura . Though ICICI Bank was nearly three times the size of BoM, its staff strength was only 1,400 as against BoMs 2,500. Half of BoMs personnel were clerks and around 350 were subordinate staff. There were large differences in profiles, grades, designations and salaries of personnel in the two entities. It was also reported that there was uneasiness among the staff of BoM as they felt that ICICI would push up the productivity per employee, to match the levels of ICICI . BoM employees feared that their positions would come in for a closer scrutiny. They were not sure whether the rural branches would continue or not as ICICIs business was largely urban-oriented. The apprehensions of the BoM employees seemed to be justified as the working culture at ICICI and BoM were quite different and the emphasis of the respective management was also different. While BoM management concentrated on the overall profitability of the Bank, ICICI man agement turned all its departments into individual profit centers and bonus for employees was given on the performance of individual profit center rather than profits of whole organization. (Anon., 2002) CONCLUSION: In the twenties century mergers and acquisitions are the most recurrently used methods of growth for companies. They present a company with a hypothetically larger market part and exposed it up to a more differentiated market. A merger is considered to be fruitful, uncertainty it growths the acquiring firms value. The evidence is diverse as to whether mergers improve companys performance. As times, companies make predictions for growth, increased efficiency, and greater profits. (Kottler, 2009). Most mergers have really been known to advantage both struggle and customers by letting companies to operate more professionally. As was also presented, the United Nations World Investment Report 2000 proposes that the unique increase in cross-border mergers and acquisitions is mainly due to an increase in the globalization of markets he process of mergers and acquisitions fair for both the consumers and firms in the market several controls. As a case in point icici and bank of Madura is a perfect example of how a smart strategic move can make significant improvements to a companys performance. (still active CEOs, 2007). After the acquisition, as we have already established the merger within icici bank and bank of madura is, the latter companys market share, revenues, and net income all rose to impressive highs, marking the initial success of the acquisition.

Factors Influencing Online Banking Acceptance - 904 Words

Factors influencing online banking acceptance: 1. Security: (Joseph; Stone, 2003) have said that the internet deals with a huge number of various financial transactions like customer payments, securities transactions applications for insurance acquisitions or loans. The result of the intention of the internet is to be an open network which means a high security risks are implicated with financial transactions. Today, different techniques and standards are presented in order to control these risks. Basic requirements are as follows: customer and financial institution have to trust each other; private data have to be encoded. No third party can be able to quickly get access to the private information such as financial transactions; It necessary to be guaranteed that the receiver and the sender have the same intentions. Gautam and Khare (2014) also reference about security issues in online banking by saying â€Å"Security violation can be categorized as Violation with serious criminal intention, Violation by casual hackers or Flaws in systems design and/ or set up leading to a security violation. E-banking system users still face the security risks with unauthorized access† (Gautam and Khare, 2014). 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Emily Jane Bronte Essay Example For Students

Emily Jane Bronte Essay Emily Jane Bronte remains a mystery. Very little is known about her. There is little information, and much of what we have is contradictory. She is the author of only one novel and a few bits of poetry. This gives people little to build on. The majority of what we know about her comes from her sister, Charlotte, who is another well known author. From what is known, it would appear that Emily led an ordinary life of a nineteenth century female. She attended boarding school and learned domestic skills at home. In other ways her life was unusual and even eccentric, contributing to the originality of her great novel. Emily Jane Bront was born on July 30, 1818 in Thornton, Yorkshire. She was the fifth child and fourth daughter of Reverend Patrick Bront and Maria Branwell Bront . When she was two years old, the family moved to Haworth. This remained her home until she passed away in December of 1848 at the age of thirty. Both of Emilys parents influenced her literary education. Her mother ublished one essay, and her father published four books and a little poetry. In 1821, Maria died of cancer, leaving Emily and her four siblings motherless. Her sister, Elizabeth, came to live as a housekeeper and was responsible for training the girls in the household arts. While at home doing housework, Emily secretly worked on poetry. In 1845, Charlotte discovered some of Emilys poems and confessed that she, too, had written some poetry. As it turned out, so had Anne. After much persuading, the oems were published in a small book entitled Poems by Currer, Ellis, and Acton Bell. Pseudonyms were used because the girls wanted their poetry to be taken seriously. Only two copies were sold. The failure led all three to begin work on novels: Emily on Wuthering Heights, Charlotte on Jane Eyre, and Anne on Agnes Grey. All three novels were successful and published in 1847 and 1848. During this time, their brother, Branwell, had become addicted to alcohol and drugs, and was dying. Emily, the one closest to him, was the only one tried to help, not judge him. She beat out the flames with her bare hands when he wrapped himself in a blanket and set it on fire while he was drunk. Despite all of Emilys efforts, Branwell died in September of 1848. He was only thirty years of age. Emily caught a cold at his funeral and never left home again. She died on December 19, 1848 at the age of thirty. She never knew of the great success of her one and only novel, Wuthering Heights.

The Main Messages Of The Play Essay Example For Students

The Main Messages Of The Play Essay As the inspector begins his final speech he makes sure that no one is talking that they are all listening. After he makes them all listen he points out to each of them how they have helped to push the girl towards suicide. He admits that Gerald did at least give the girl some affection and happiness, but stresses that they are all to blame and that they will never forget what they have done. The inspectors tone becomes prophetic as his final speech goes on, he talks how the world will change and soon. He talks of fire and pain and destruction, this could relate to the world wars that are coming. Then after this huge climax and build up the inspector leaves them. The family are in shock and awe. The Inspectors repetition of what each has done to harm the girl is a useful reminder of their weaknesses and makes sure they realise what they have done. It shows that the Inspectors job is nearly over, it leaves the Birlings to think back on their part in the girls death and it builds up the sense of guild before the Inspectors final speech. We will write a custom essay on The Main Messages Of The Play specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now A large section of the play has been leading up to this point and it almost like the finishing climax if it wasnt for the additional surprise to come. The Inspectors last speech sums up how Priestly feels about capitalism and people but just remember this. One Eva Smith has gone but there are millions and millions and millions of Eva Smiths and John Smiths with us, In this final speech JB Priestly is aiming to make his audience think again about their views and make them realise that everyone should be responsible for everybody else. Earlier in the play Mr Birling had said The worlds developing so fast that itll make war impossible Priestly attempts to put across the part that these values are incorrect and though the inspectors final speech he lets the audience know that if men will not learn that lesson, then they will be taught in fire and blood and anguish The inspector is crushing Birlings earlier thoughts and opinions to show how wrong their lives and views are.

Galileo and the Stars essays

Galileo and the Stars essays I feel that the motivation of Galileos pursuits in Astronomy and stargazing was driven by his desire to be financially successful. Galileo was an extremely ambitious and clearly independent individual whose methods of generating scientific data epitomizes a survival of the fittest like struggle between all of the prominent scientists of his time. During Galileo's life there was no gray area of wealth like the middle class of today, and therefore you were either rich or poor. In Science and Patronage published by Westfall, the word friends connotation back then was not one of caring for another person and mutual support but rather defined in a financial type way of using ones connections to better ones self. There was patronage inside of patronage; therefore Galileo did not always see what he claimed to have seen, his associates might have though. Since patronage was the way of the world at this time as Galileo knew it made no sense for someone to swim against the current, for they would simply become tired and unsuccessful. Because of Galileo's position as a patron to the prince, many of his disciples were patrons to Galileo himself thus providing him data and insightful knowledge. Galileo in turn allowed the use of his name as a referral to help his disciples out. Surprisingly Galileo had only worked as a patron for those, which gave him enough money or got persuaded into his over exaggerated descriptions of what the moon really looked like. Galileo did not go into depth with many of the things he saw, instead he attempted to describe everything he saw vaguely in order to make sure he got credit for seeing it first. I feel that it is important to document your discoveries as Galileo had not only to get credit for seeing it first but to create a larger body of information that can be collaborated on amongst all of the people. It appears that as he wrote Sidereus Nuncius that he wasnt eve...

Essay on Retailing and Social Media Mk

Essay on Retailing and Social Media Mk Essay on Retailing and Social Media Mk MICHAEL KORS: Answer 1 a) Michael Kors has an effective and vast distribution strategy comprising of retail, licensing, wholesale and extensive online retailing b) They have invested heavily on creating strong brand recall value by adopting the following strategy: i) The celebrities are involved in showcasing MK designs in platforms like award functions, red carpet, social; this in turn also encourages fashion bloggers to discuss about the brand online. ii) Michael Kors is a judge for a reality TV shows, Project Runway, which has boosted awareness. iii) Omni Channel retail – Incorporating Social Media iv) Direct Marketing – Emails, Brochures, Catalogues, Social Network c) Product Segmentation to target wide range of audiences d) Company focuses on innovative designs, materials and craftsmanship. Answer 2 4 P’s 4 E’s Product: diversified product range, high quality products Experience: the websites are user friendly, the Mobile application makes constumers feel like they are part of the brand Place: Globalised on-line and off-line presence making it accessible to people from all over the world Everyplace: Presence worldwide via retail stores & internet Price: suitable toa ll target groups from 18 above Exchange: Celebrity Quotient Promotion: Masstige Evangelism: Two way communication on social media MK keeps evolving according to the changing needs and wants of the customers and builds strategies to achieve customer satisfaction. Answer 3 Michael Kors has managed to create

Final reflection Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Final reflection - Essay Example The paper will rely on knowledge gained throughout the semester on child-language development to appropriately advice these parents. How Children Develop Speech and Language Skills Human communication is an acquired skill gained over time. Human communication can be compared to technology in that both have a basic structure of function, but change over time as the needs of a society change. While human communication development is procedural, the amount of time it takes should not result in a child taking too long to understand comprehensively their first language. Children start developing their language skills immediately they get born. However, at the very early stage of their life, these developments can hardly be noticed (Bochner & Jane 122). As a child grows, their parents should keenly observe how their development in language is fairing. Parents must be in a position to realize any cases of abnormality in their children’s language development. This should help them add ress the problem as early as possible. At the age of six months, a child should have started showing signs that indicate that they are indeed learning how to communicate. They should be able to turn to sources of sound upon hearing them. They should further respond in shock to sudden, loud noises. Children in this age start making cries for different needs watches people's face as they walk and start to imitate coughs and other sounds (Bochner & Jane 123). These are the first signs that a child is learning their communication skills. Although the skills can hardly be noticed by most parents as signs of language development, they help a child to start having a memory on how to respond to different situations. This includes when they are in shock, hungry or in pain. At the age of nine months, a child should manage to respond to their name and anything else that rings around them, for example, a telephone. At this age, a child understands when they get told ‘no’. They can also get what they want through gestures and starts playing social games with those around them. A child gets to enjoy when people are around her and starts to babble or repeat sounds. Communication skills at this age can be identified. It is, however, worth noting that some children may take a slightly longer period than this. The period should not extend one year since they were born. At the age of one year, a child can follow simple one-step instructions like ‘sit down’. When someone near them points to something, a child gets to look for it. A child at this age uses three or more than three words in their communication but will mostly use gestures. A child also combines many sounds as though talking (Pressley & Christine

The End of the West The Once and Future Europe Essay

The End of the West The Once and Future Europe - Essay Example While Greece and Spain among other European nations face financial problems. He associates such problems with wrong perception or view of global power or super power. The book talks of some important political considerations or changes to avoid stop Europe from becoming obsolete. He compares Europe with several continents or nations that happened to have experienced similar political problems and he uses some of the strategies employed by such institutions to recommend on the best policies to revive Europe. He specifically considers the history and the current situations of such nations or government institutions that were once in some political crisis, and the strategies employed to bring some nations back on their feet. The author advises both the Europe’s citizens and political leaders to forget about the outdated superiority thoughts and embrace development oriented perceptions just like China and India among other Eastern nations considered worthless by the West. Such tho ughts or perceptions has seen a decline of Europe’s contributions to the global economy while that of India and China among other nations rise, in other words, Europe’s economy is on a decline trend while that of China and India increases. The book considers ethnicity and lack of democratic and economic cohesion policies as some of the main limitations of Europe’s development. Furthermore, the 2008, global financial crisis in the United States is considered an irreversible decline in the West. The author’s summary is that America is falling and Europe is experiencing both political and economic problems while China is picking up from its pieces and is almost embracing the global economic title, to beat the West. History records that in 1700, India and China’s combined economy was double that of Europe. This was attributed by the fact that the Eastern region ventured in farming and mining among other economic activities that saw the West and Europe depend on China and India for raw materials like wheat, cotton and minerals among others. However, Europe economy became much stronger than that of China and India combined after the first and second phase of globalization. Globalization has enabled Europe to expand its trade links to other nations hence improved economy. Globalization began when Greece among other European nations expanded their trade links with Asian countries like India and China for raw materials and marketing purposes. Europe could transport large volume of sisal, wheat and cotton through ships then later transport fabrics among other end products to Asia for marketing purposes. In the process, the slave trade evolved and Europe economy became stronger than its trading partners. Western nations like United States dominated international economic institutions to become the super power. The West ventured much in military and economic sectors and it is believed that the United States is yet to remain the Super pow er for quite a long time despite being previously colonized by Britain. However, the author calls for changes in Europe and United States political and economic perceptions to remain the super powers. It is believed that combination of China and Israel’s military and economic efforts may out do that of the United States. The author categorically pointed that U.S and Europe

Strategic capabilities darden Essay Example for Free

Strategic capabilities darden Essay Strategic Capabilities In this part of the report the different capabilities of Darden will be explained and which of these capabilities lead to competitive rivalry. But first the different resources and competences will be discussed which will lead to the capabilities. 1) Resource; A physical resource of Darden is; There different restaurants, with this is meant the different buildings that Darden owns with the different kind of restaurants. 1) Competence; The competence that Darden has is; To make different kind of dishes. 1) Capability When the above mentioned resource ad competence are linked then the following capability emerges; Flexible to make different dishes for different markets. Darden has 8 different brands. Each brand standing for its own kind of food like; Italian of seafood. This means that Darden offers all kinds of food to the consumers. After applying the VRIN model to this capability the conclusion is; V- This capability is a value for the consumers due to the fact that Darden gives them the opportunity to choice between different restaurants. This capability allows Darden to be profitable in the market. R- Different brands plus products are included in one chain. Unfortunately for Darden is capability is not Rare, different competitors have the same kind of capability. ( for example Laundry’s, DineEquity) I- This capability is possible to imitate, but this will take some time and the right amount of financial resources. N- This capability is possible to substitute by another company. For example Yum Restaurants, they have also different dishes for different markets with their Taco bell, KFC and Pizza Hut. Conclusion Capability 1); The above mentioned capability is not one that is unique and that is not difficult to imitate, but however it is still a strength for Darden due to the fact it gives Darden a great brand image, and it gives it an advantage compared to their smaller competitors who do not have this capability as strong as Darden. 2) Resource; A Human resource that Darden has is: Well trained and guided staff. 2) Competence; A competence that Darden has is; Skill to buy the best products (for example Darden sources top quality seafood from more than 100 varieties. 2) Capability; When the above mentioned Resources and competence are combined then the following capability emerges; Capable of making high-quality food. High quality is always something under discussion, what is high quality? In this case is meant food that has a very good quality versus cost proportion. And speaks to a lot of people. After applying the VRIN model to this capability the conclusion is; V- This capability has a great value for the consumers because a good quality versus cost proportion is something that quest will remember and will tell to their friends and families. R- This capability is not rare, there are a lot of restaurants that can make high quality food against a good price for the consumers. I- Is this capability Imitational, yes when looking at the above mentioned point ( R) there it shows other restaurants are already doing this. N- This capability can be substitute, what has been explained earlier is that restaurants are already having the same kind of capability. Conclusion Capability 2) The capability of making high-quality food is very important for Darden because consumers expect a level of quality when they go to one of Dardens restaurants. For this case it is a strength of Darden. However it is not a very strong capability due to the fact that multiple competitors are doing the same and that it is very easy to imitate or substitute. 3) Resource; A resource that Darden has is; There strong marketing. 3) Competence; A competence that Darden has is; Using all kinds of advertising. 3) Capability; When the above mentioned resource and competence are combined then the following capability emerges; Dardens ability to market its restaurants. Darden is a leading advertiser in the full size dining segment of the hospitality industry. Darden uses different kind of methods to advertise their brands, like local and cable television, digital advertising, billboards, search engine marketing, radio and newspapers. After applying the VRIN model to this capability the following conclusion can be made; V-; This capability will generate more consumers which will bring more revenue, if the cost are low enough to be profitable in this part then this can be a huge Value to the company. For the consumers this will also be a Value because they stay up to date with new actions, menu changes and promotions. R-; This capability is not rare at all, almost every company has a marketing department and advertises itself. I-; Marketing is very imitational due to the fact that everybody sees them so other companies can easily use the same kind of method, However due to the fact that Darden has multiple brands is can target and advertise to all these markets at the same time which gives them an advantage. N-; This capability can be substituted by a different company, because there are already companies with multiple brands that target and advertise to different markets. (Laundry’s) Conclusion Capability 3) Of the 3 capabilities mentioned in this part of the report, capability 3 is the weakest. It is still an important part of the company, but it is very difficult to stand out on marketing now a day compared to competitors. It is more a capability that is at least required to be successful. Conclusion Capabilities When looking at the 3 different capabilities explained in this part the capabilities concerning the different dishes and the high quality of food are two strong and important capabilities that Darden has. The marketing capability is not as strong but it is still a plus point of the company. Without the marketing Darden would not be as successful as it is today.

Gender Roles in the Media Essay -- Socialization Female Male Differenc

From the moment they are born and wrapped in a pink or blue blanket, a child's gender is unmistakable. From this point on, they will continuously be bombarded with the socialization into their gender by many sources. One of the main sources of this socialization is media, more specifically television. The purpose of this paper is to describe gender roles and stereotypes, and to take a closer look at how the media's representation and portrayal of males and females affects children. Gender differences are the "sets of attributes socially and culturally constructed on the basis of birth assignment as male or female" (Creedon, 1993, p.5). When a baby is born and wrapped in a colored blanket based on their gender, one of the first things many parents think about his how perfect their little boy or girl is; How strong and handsome their son will be with his dad's strong hands; How beautiful their daughter is because of her "big blue eyes." The last question on the minds of the parents however, is how, by choosing that blanket for their child and thinking these thoughts, they have commenced the idealistic gendering process. Many parents fail to think twice about setting guidelines for their children from birth on what it means to be either male or female, because doing so has become so natural to our society. "We live in a culture built on a particular set of gender assumptions and structured to amplify if not produce gender asymmetries and inequalities, and we come to view these differences as part of the natural world" (Creedon, 1993, p.5). In the media, the roles of males and females differ immensely. "Women, especially young women, are primarily depicted as sex objects and men as success objects. In both cases, the ... ...isual stereotypes in american mass media. Chapel Hill, NC: The University of North Carolina Press. Kundanis, R. (2003). Children, teens, families, and mass media: the millennial generation. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc., Publishers. Pollack, W. (1998). Real boys: rescuing our sons from the myths of boyhood. New York, NY: Holt. Spangler, L. (2003). Television women From lucy to friends: fifty years of sitcoms and feminism. Westport, CT: Praeger Publishers. Strasburger, V.; Wilson, B. (2002). Children, adolescents, and the media. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications. Wartella, E. (1979). Children communicating: media and development of thought, speech, understanding. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Publications, Inc. Woods, J. (1994). Who cares: women, care, and culture. Carbondale, Ill: Southern Illinois University Press.

Anatomy: Dermis

The dermis is composed of the papillary layer and the ___________. | epidermis| | cutaneous plexus| | hypodermis| | -reticular layerThe reticular and papillary layers together compose the dermis. | What structure is responsible for the strength of attachment between the epidermis and dermis? | stratum corneum| | basement membrane| | -epidermal ridge| | stratum lucidumThe deeper the epidermal ridge, the stronger the attachment. | The type of cells that form the strata in the epidermis are | Dendritic cells. | | -keratinocytes. | | adipocytes. | | melanocytes. | fibroblasts. | The tough â€Å"horny† superficial layer of the epidermis is known as the | stratum spinosum. | | stratum lucidum. | | stratum granulosum. | | -stratum corneum. | | Stratum germinativum. | Large quantities of keratin are found in the epidermal layer called the | stratum spinosum. | | stratum lucidum. | | stratum granulosum. | | -stratum corneum. | | stratum germinativum. | Water loss due to evaporation of fluid that has penetrated through the skin is termed ________ perspiration. | sensible| | latent| | -insensible| | inactive|The layer of the skin that provides a barrier against bacteria as well as chemical and mechanical injuries is the | dermis. | | stratum corneum. | | -epidermis. | | subcutaneous layer. Water loss from insensible perspirationIs approximately . 5 liters a dayThe epidermis of the skin is composed of which type of tissue? keratinized stratified squamous epitheliumThe layer of stem cells that constantly divide to renew the epidermis is the| | is approximately 0. 5 liters a day. | | depends on apocrine sweat glands. | | is negligible. | | always exceeds sensible perspiration. | is too small to be measured reliably. | | Stratum germinatiumThe protein that reduces water loss at the skin surface isKeratinWhile walking barefoot on the beach, Joe stepped on a thorn that penetrated through the sole of his foot to the dermis. How many layers of epidermis did the thorn penet rate? 5From what structure does sensible perspiration occur? Sweat glandsCell divisions within the stratum __________ replace more superficial cells which eventually die and fall off. GerminativumThe cells of stratum corneum were initially produced in the __________. tratum germinativumMelanocytes _____________. store melanin in melanosomesThe primary pigments contained in the epidermis arecarotene and melanin. An albino individual lacks the ability to produceMelaninMelanin is produced by melanocytes within the stratum ________. BasaleThe dark pigment melanin is produced within __________. MelanocytesThe layer directly beneath the epidermis is the __________. DemisCell divisions within the stratum __________ replace more superficial cells which eventually die and fall off.GerminativumWhich of these is not an accessory structure of the skin? DermisThe epidermal layer that consists almost entirely of keratin is the __________. Stratum corneumThe cells of stratum corneum were initially produced in the __________. stratum germinativumEach of the following is a function of the integumentary system, exceptSynthesis of vitamin CThe two components of the integumentary system are thecutaneous membrane and accessory structures. the type of cells that form the strata in the epidermis rekeratinocytesThe tough â€Å"horny† superficial layer of the epidermis is known as theStratum corneumLarge quantities of keratin are found in the epidermal layer called theStratum corneumWater loss due to evaporation of fluid that has penetrated through the skin is termed ________ perspiration. InsensibleThe layer of the epidermis that contains abundant desmosomes is theStratum spinosumThe most dangerous type of skin cancer is termed ________. Melanoma**Skin cancer that starts in the stratum germinativum is called ________Types of skin cancers includesquamous cell carcinoma, malignant melanoma, and basal cell carcinoma.Children in northern regions experience months of inadequate sun light exposure on the skin. To prevent possible abnormal bone development, what essential organic nutrient is necessary in the diet? CholecalciferolAn important vitamin that is formed in the skin when it is exposed to sunlight isVitamin dThe epidermis receives blood from which of the following? Dermal arteries called papillary plexusThe layer of the skin that contains bundles of collagen and elastic fibers responsible for the strength of the skin is the ________ layer.ReticularThe protein that permits stretching and recoiling of the skin isElastinSkin inflammation that primarily involves the papillary layer is termedDermatitisA surgical incision parallel to the lines of cleavageCloses and heals with relatively little scarringStretch marks occur whenthe skin is so extensively stretched that its elastic limits are exceeded. Which tissue is located in the region labeled â€Å"2†? Areolar connective tissueWhich of these cells produce the fibers found within the reticular layer of the dermis?FibroblastsThe skin can move easily over the underlying muscles because of the loose connective tissue within the __________. HypodermisThe layer primarily responsible for the strength of the skin is the __________ layer. ReticularWhich of the following glands secretes sweat into the hair follicle? ApocrineA common cause of dandruff isInflammation around sebaceous glandsThe ________ glands in the axilla become active at the time of puberty. Apocrine sweatSensible perspiration is produced by ________ glands.Merocrine sweatThe highest concentration of merocrine sweat glands is foundOn the palms of the hands________ sweat glands are widely distributed across the body surface, ________ glands are located wherever hair follicles exist, and ________ sweat glands are found only in a few areas. Merocrine; sebaceous; apocrineEach of the following statements concerning sebaceous glands and sebum is true, except one. Identify the exception. | Most sebaceous glands are coiled tubula r glands. | Merocrine sweat glandssecrete a watery fluid directly onto the surface of the skin.Which of the following types of glands helps cool the body? Merocrine sweat glandsSudoriferous glands are also called __________ glands. SweatMerocrine sweat glands are most abundant in the __________. HandsCollagen to repair a deep skin wound is produced by __________. Dermal fibroblastsMast cells are triggering a response to injury during which phase of repair? InflammatoryDuring which phase of injury repair is the scab undermined by epidermal cells? ProliferationDuring the proliferation phase, around a week after injury, the scab has been undermined by epidermal cells.Shedding of the scab and completion of the epidermis occurs during which phase of injury repair? MaturationThe type of burn that may require a skin graft is a3rd degree burnWhich of these is a primary role of the skeletal system? Calcium homeostasisLeverageMuscle attachment siteWhich of these is not part of the skeletal sy stem? TendonsPart of skeletal system:Bones cartilage ligamentsThe end of a long bone is known as the __________. EpiphysisThe patella is an example of a __________ bone. Sesamoid boneOsteoblasts are squamous cells that develop into ___________.OsteocytesOsteoblasts differentiate from __________. Osteoprogenitor cellsWhich of the following characteristics applies to the cells known as osteoclasts? The cells dissolve matrixCells that secrete collagen fibers are called ________. OsteoblastsCells that are found in small depressions on the endosteal surfaces are the ________. OsteoclastsCells that free calcium from bone to maintain blood calcium levels are called ________. OsteoclastsIn bone, the calcium phosphate forms crystals of ________. HydroxyapatiteStem cells that can differentiate into osteoblasts are called ________ cells.OsteoprogenitorThe narrow passageways that contain cytoplasmic extensions of osteocytes are calledCanaliculiThe lacunae of osseous tissue containOsteocytesThe most abundant cell type in bone isOsteocytes________ cells are located in the inner cellular layer of the periosteum. OsteoprogenitorThrough the action of osteoclasts,Bony matrix is dissolvedCells that secrete the organic components of the bone matrix are calledOsteoblastsThis cell functions to _________. Break down boneSpongy bone is filled with ____________. Red marrowThe type of bone that forms the diaphysis of a long bone is called __________ bone.CompactSpongy bone comprises an open meshwork of osseous spicules called __________. TrabeculaeThe superficial membrane of a bone is called the ________. PeriosteumThe matrix in spongy bone forms struts and arches called ________. Trabeculae________ fibers are stronger than steel when stretched. CollagenBlood is distributed from the surface of a bone to deeper central canals through channels known as ________. Perforating canalsod is distributed from the surface of a bone to deeper central canals through channels known as ________.Endo steum________ bone reduces the weight of the skeleton and reduces the load on muscles. SpongyWhich statement is true regarding calcium in bone matrix? Calcium is found in crystals called hydroxyapatitethe trabeculae of spongy boneare organized along stress linesThe structural units of mature compact bone are calledOsteonsFat is stored within theMedullary cavity________ marrow is found between the trabeculae of spongy bone. RedWhen production of sex hormones increases at puberty, epiphyseal platesBecome narrowerMigration of osteoblasts into the ___________ creates the __________. piphysis, secondary ossification centerMigration of capillaries and osteoblasts into the epiphysis creates the secondary ossification center. The cell designated by the arrow _________. requires oxygen and nutrients to functionOxygen and nutrients are essential to osteoblasts and formation of new bone. Migration of blood vessels into the central region of the cartilage bone model, starting bone development, occurs at which site? Primary ossification centerIf osteoblasts are more active than osteoclasts, bones may become __________. Any of these changes may result if osteoblasts are more active than osteoclasts.Which of these cell types plays a role in bone remodeling? osteoblast| | | osteocyte| The ongoing process of tearing down and rebuilding bone matrix is called ________ . RemodelingCalcitriol is required for __________. absorbing dietary calcium and phosphateWhich of these is not required for normal bone formation? Vitamin EWhich of these factors does not contribute significantly to normal bone formation? Potassium intake________ hormones stimulate osteoblasts to produce bone matrix. SexExcessive growth hormone prior to puberty could result inGiantismA lack of exercise couldresult in porous and eak bones. When stress is applied to a bone,the minerals in the bone produce a weak electrical field that attracts osteoblastsRoughly what portion of the body's total calcium content is dep osited in the skeleton? 99%The hormone __________ increases the blood level of calcium. parathyroid hormoneA drop in blood calcium levels stimulates the secretion of __________. parathyroid hormoneHow is vitamin D (vitamin D3) related to calcium homeostasis in bone? Vitamin D is involved in calcium absorption by the digestive tract so calcium is available for ossification and remodeling.A child with rickets often hasBowed legsHundreds of years ago explorers often died of scurvy. How can this bone-related disease be prevented? Supplement the diet with fresh fruit rich in vitamin C. The hormone calcitonin functions todecrease the level of calcium ion in the blood. Parathyroid hormone functions in all of the following ways, except that itInhibits calcitonin secretionElevated levels of calcium ion in the blood stimulate the secretion of the hormoneCalcitoninThe most abundant mineral in the human body isCalciumParathyroid hormone causes what response in the kidneys?Retention of calcium i onsWhich hormone increases blood calcium upon secretion? Parathyroid hormoneCalcium levels below 8. 5 mg/dL causes PTH production and calcium releaseWhen a fractured bone heals it leaves a thickened region known as a ____________. CallusWhat is normally found at a fracture hematoma? Dead boneBone fragmentsBlood clotIn a __________ fracture, the broken bone penetrates through the skin. CompoundAfter a fracture of the diaphysis has healed, the thickened region that results is called theExternal callusA bone scan of an older patient revealed the beginnings of osteoporosis. Which of these interventions is not recommended?Bed restthe natural age-related loss of bone mass is called ________. OsteopeniaIf a tumor secretes high levels of osteoclast-activating factor, which of the following would you expect to occur as a result of this condition? increases in blood levels of calcium| | | bone fragility| | decreased bone density| Aging has what effect on the skeletal system? Loss of calcium a nd collagen fibers from matrixA condition in which bone becomes riddled with holes is calledOsteoporosisIf osteoclasts are more active than osteoblasts, bones will becomeOsteopenicWhy does osteoporosis affect more women than men?Women have a decrease in sex hormones after menopause whereas men continue to produce male sex hormones throughout adulthood. The bone in this image is __________. Typical of osteopeniaOsteoclast-activating factor does all of the following, except that itis released in large amounts early in life. Which of the following is not a part of the axial division of the skeletal system? Pelvic girdleWhich of the following is not part of the axial skeleton? Pelvic girdleHow many bones make up the axial skeleton? 80Which of the following bones is NOT part of the axial skeleton?PatellaWhich of the following bones is NOT part of the vertebral column? RibsWhich bone of the axial skeleton protects the brain? CraniumThe hard palate is formed primarily by the __________ bon es. MaxillaryWhich structure does the sella turcica support? Pituitary glandWhich bone supports the larynx superiorly? HyoidWhich two bones contribute to the zygomatic arch? Temporal and zygomatiche ________ bone is unusual because it doesn't contact another bone. Hyoid The inferior portion of the nasal septum is formed by the ________. VomerIn the condition known as a(n) ________, the nasal septum has a bend in it.Deviated septumInfection of the large process on the temporal bone would be called ________. MastoiditisDamage to the temporal bone would most likely affect the sense(s) ofHearing and balanceThe function of the hyoid bone is toAnchor the tongue musclesThe bony portion of the nasal septum is formed by theperpendicular plate of the ethmoid and vomer bone. What organ is located in the lacrimal fossa? Tear glandLigaments that support the hyoid bone are attached to theStyloid processThe occipital condyles of the skull articulate with theAtlasThe foramen magnum is found in the ________ bone.OccipitalNerves that serve the lower lip and chin pass through the ____________. Mental foramenA nerve that carries sensory information from the teeth and gums of the lower jaw passes through theMandibular foramenWhich of the following statements about the paranasal sinuses is true? They are lined with ciliated epitheliumMake skull bones lighterConnect nasal cavitiesWhich of these bones is not part of the orbital complex? VomerThe paranasal sinuses are located in all of the following bones, except theZygomaticThe widest intervertebral discs are found in the ________ region.LumbarThe odontoid process is found on theAxisThe part of the vertebrae that transfers weight along the axis of the vertebral column is theVertebral bodyThe vertebral column contains ________ lumbar vertebrae. 5The vertebral column contains ________ thoracic vertebrae. 12True ribs have cartilage directly connected to the sternum and are therefore also called ________ ribs. VertebrosternalHumans norma lly have __________ pairs of ribs12 | | | loss of calcium and collagen fibers from matrix| | increase in adipose tissue in epiphyses| | | | Osteoclast| |

Blue Nile Essay

Question 1. What are some key factors in diamond retailing? How do Blue Nile, Zales, and Tiffany compare on those dimensions? All the companies involved in the diamond market want to have a big share of that market. And, the bigger the share, the company makes bigger revenue. It is very interesting that all three companies (even though they are in the same ‘business’) have different approaches in ‘taking market share’. An important fact is that the companies have a different clientele. The market population is different. The first 2 paragraphs of the case study state a common concern in any industry: do you reduce prices in order to compete with the competition? [research is needed to see and predict the implications of discounts] 2008 is a good year to analyze the situation from all aspects (and to see how our three companies handled the ‘meltdown’). â€Å"As customers tightened their belts and cut back on discretionary spending, high-cost purchases such as diamond jewelry were often the first to be postponed.† Responses are needed. Adjustments are needed. We can segregate the industry in two parts: wholesale and retail sales. Moreover, the price, selection and customization of services are other dimensions that differentiate the companies. Blue Nile – internet base Zales – mall based kiosks (teenagers); working-class mall shoppers; fancier locations (upscale market) Tiffany – high-end products Blue Nile has an advantage due to lower ‘location’ costs. These funds (that would be placed for renting space) can be allocated to additional inventory. This would in turn signify that the company would have a higher selection. Also, having lower markup percentages lowers the price of the diamonds. Moreover, when purchasing from Blue Nile (besides having a low-pressure selling approach), you are also not buying a name/brand (in comparison with buying from Tiffany). It must also be noted that Tiffany started its business in 1837; Zales in 1924; and, Blue Nile in 1999. This history (and all the aspects that the latter comes with) provides different advantages (competitive, brand, customers, types of customers†¦.) [A greater description of the manner in which the three companies are different and differentiate each other is provided in the answers to the following questions] Question 2. What do you think of the fact that Blue Nile carries over 30,000 stones priced at $2,500 or higher while almost 60 % of the products sold from the Tiffany Web site are priced at around $200? Which of the two product categories is better suited to the strengths of the online channel? It must be taken in consideration that Blue Nile is an internet based business. It has not choice but to provide its high priced items on the internet. In comparison, Tiffany also provides a shopping (in store) experience (something that Blue Nile does not have). In order to increase its market share, Tiffany provides lower priced items on the internet. It is true that the client does not have the in-shop experience, but he/she is buying a Tiffany item. [More information is needed, but it is my assumption that Tiffany is focusing a lot on the in-store experience] Which of the two product categories is better suited to the strengths of the online channel? It depends. Blue Nile is only on online. Hence, it has no choice but to increase all the aspects/strengths of online purchasing. The Tiffany’s online ‘department’ is only a small aspect of the company’s business. Even if a customer does not want to have (to purchase) the in-store Tiffany experience, he/she still has the possibility of having a Tiffany item. [These type of customers are not the ‘regular’ ones. Personally, if I do not have the money – purchase as well as travel – and I would like to buy my lady ‘something special’, I would do an internet Tiffany purchase. My lady would be happy (impressed and grateful)†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..because it is Tiffany.] Question 3. Given that Tiffany stores have thrived with their focus on selling high-end jewelry, what do you think of the failure of Zales with its upscale strategy in 2006? New market, new challenges. One important aspect (from the perspective of the customer) is the brand association. Zales already had a name made for itself: working-class clientele and teenagers (â€Å"lower-end reputation†). Once the brand is made, it is very hard to change the perception of it. A lot of energy, time and money need to be allocated in order to change the nature of the brand. Tiffany already had a brand that was associated with high-end jewelry. Tiffany did not need to change its brand (or the perception of it). In order to ‘fix’ the problem, the transition to promotional retailer (discounting inventory), Zales lost a considerable amount. Even though in the long run the fix was beneficial, it was an answer to a problem that the company should not have. Another problem that Zales had was that deliveries were not on time. Question 4. What do you think of Tiffany’s decision to open smaller retail outlets, focusing on high-end products, to reach smaller affluent area in the United States? I believe that this move was beneficial for Tiffany. Having a strong brand, a world known brand, people know what to expect from the company. If a potential client wanted to have the Tiffany experience, the former was able to have it. It is true that the selection was not the same as in the company’s flag store. However, having also the catalog, the smaller retail outlets could very easily have access to the entire inventory. What the clients wants, this is what he/she will have. Also, as stated before, the Tiffany experience is essential to Tiffany’s business. Therefore, having more stores (even though the inventory is not ‘full’) (potential) clients may be drawn to come in and make a purchase. Question 5. Which of the three companies do you think was best structured to deal with the downturn in 2009? Tiffany. The market sector was appropriate for it (high-end). As the case study states: â€Å"As customers tightened their belts and cut back on discretionary spending, high-cost purchases such as diamond jewelry were often the first to be postponed.† However, this is applicable to lower-income customers. The lower the income, the higher the chance that a client would not spend on jewelry. Even though the 2009 downturn affected everyone, the priorities of lower income customers shifted drastically. The higher income customers, (I am making the assumption), were not affected as much. Therefore, instead of buying a 10,000$ ring/bracelet/etc, they could afford a 5,000$ purchase. Moreover, Tiffany had also its own manufacturing facilities. If the rough diamonds (after process) did not meet the desired standards, they were sold to third parties, ensuring additional revenue for the company. Question 6. What advice would you give to each of the three companies regarding their strategy and structure? All three companies were affected by the economic crisis. This is normal. They have to wait for the economic come-back. As stated in the answer of the first question, the three companies have different clientele, different products and different customer experience. Blue Nile I was very impressed by how Blue Nile handled the 1.5 million purchase. Having an internet base company, it reduces certain costs. The 30 days money back guarantee is essential in order to gain (and attract) customers. The lower marked-ups also contribute to lower prices for the clients (thus, attracting even more). Blue Nile brand is already established. It should not have any strategy that could influence negatively the name that it made for itself. Zales Due to its type of customers (lower and middle class), and to the economic problems, Zales has the most to ‘loose’. Moreover, its transit strategy was not appropriate (the reasons were explained earlier). There was a commercial that stated â€Å"Don’t change horses in mid-stream.† Even though adaptability to the environment is crucial in today’s economic system, not knowing how to adapt, and change just for the sake of change, can be (and in Zales’ case was) very destructive. The Zales’ brand was already established. Changing the products without hard work to change the brand, the company will loose ‘face’; clients are disoriented. Tiffany The company is well established. The band is strong. People associate with the brand. They take pride saying that they purchase from Tiffany’s or have goods from Tiffany’s (this is one of the most important aspects). The (majority of the) clientele is more well-off (in comparison with that of the other companies). When buying from Tiffany, a customer does not only buy a good; he/she also buys the experience and the brand. Tiffany should also include higher-end items on their website. However, extensive research on this must be done. The company does not want to ‘dilute’ its brand by providing internet orders. If the brand is not touched by this strategy, then Tiffany should go through with it (by incremental increase of item provided on the internet). All three companies should have a catalog, an internet site (that can receive orders), provide from time to time discounts. Yet, for any strategy (whatever it may be), the specific company should do extensive research in order to calculate the different impacts that a (potential) strategy might have on the company.

The Matrix Film Editing Techniques essays

The Matrix Film Editing Techniques essays Editing Techniques The Matrix The movie that I have chosen is called The Matrix. The Matrix is directed by brothers Andy and Larry Wachowskis. These directors have created themselves as innovative filmmakers who push the boundaries of live-action films, such movies like Star Wars and The Terminator, which showcase a unique visual style. The Wachowskis achieved this breakthrough on a display of techniques and digital effects, some never before seen in Hollywood films. Even though computer morphing technology had been used before in films such as The Abyss and The Teminator 2, but the Wachowskis were the first to use Flow-Mo, according to the Wachoskis, Flow-Mo is a time-bending digital effect that utilizes both computer-generated imagery and still photography. These are the types of predominate scenes that are used throughout the film. The term Flow-Mo refers to the technique used to create primary foreground subjects. For Flo-Mo, the Wachowski brothers wanted to be able to move a high-speed camera around subjects so that the scene will have a slow motion shot with a dynamic camera move. What made it so difficult was that the directors wanted to shoot very, very fast. A few high-end cameras have rates of 300 fps and then they explode at 301. The directors wanted the flexibility to choose frame rates at higher than 500 at will, with the ability to move the camera around the subject as if the scene was occurring at normal speeds. This simply was not possible with conventional technology. Then they would combine Flow-Mo with virtual backgrounds. The result, what is called virtual cinematography, which was something that seemed as natural as any real photography, but was completed almost entirely on the computer. The film itself is a complex story that aspires to mythology, focusing on a computer hacker named Neo (Keanu Reeves) who search...

Taking Action on Earth Day

Taking Action on Earth Day Every year, people all around the world come together to celebrate Earth Day. This annual event is marked by lots of different activities,  from parades to festivals to film festivals to running races. Earth Day events typically have one theme in common: the desire to show support for environmental issues and teach future generations about the need to protect our planet. The First Earth Day The very first Earth Day was celebrated on April 22, 1970. The event, which some consider to be the birth of the environmental movement, was founded by United States Senator Gaylord Nelson. Nelson chose the April date to coincide with spring while avoiding most spring break and final exams. He hoped to appeal to college and university students for what he planned as a day of environmental learning and activism. The Wisconsin Senator decided to create an Earth Day after witnessing the damage caused in  1969 by a massive oil spill in Santa Barbara, California. Inspired by the student anti-war movement, Nelson hoped that he could tap into the energy on school campuses to get kids to take notice of issues such as air and water pollution,  and put  environmental issues onto the national political agenda. Interestingly, Nelson had tried to put the environment on the agenda within Congress from the moment he was elected to office in 1963. But he as repeatedly told that Americans were not concerned about environmental issues. So Nelson went straight to the American people, focusing his attention on college students.   Participants from 2,000 colleges and universities, roughly 10,000 primary and secondary schools and hundreds of communities across the United States got together in their local  communities  to mark the occasion of the very first Earth Day. The event was billed as a teach-in, and event organizers focused on peaceful demonstrations that supported the environmental movement. Almost 20 million Americans filled the streets of their local communities on that first Earth Day,  demonstrating  in  support of environmental issues in rallies large and small all across the country. Events focused on  pollution, the dangers of pesticides, oil spill damage, the loss of wilderness, and the extinction of wildlife. Impacts of Earth Day The first Earth Day led to the creation of the United States Environmental Protection Agency and the passage of the  Clean Air,  Clean Water, and  Endangered Species  acts. It was a gamble, Gaylord later recalled, but it worked. Earth Day is now observed in 192 countries, and celebrated by billions of people around the world. Official Earth Day activities are coordinated by the nonprofit, Earth Day Network, which is  chaired by the first Earth Day 1970 organizer, Denis Hayes. Over the years, Earth Day has grown from localized grassroots efforts to a  sophisticated network of environmental activism. Events can be found everywhere from tree planting  activities  at your local park to  online Twitter parties that share information about environmental issues. In 2011,  28 million trees were planted in Afghanistan by the Earth Day Network as part of their Plant Trees Not Bombs campaign. In 2012, more than 100,000 people rode bikes in  Beijing to raise awareness about climate change and help people learn what they could do to protect the planet. How can you get involved? The  possibilities  are endless.  Pick up trash in your neighborhood. Go to an Earth Day festival. Make a commitment to reduce your food waste or electricity use. Organize an event in your community. Plant a tree. Plant a garden. Help to organize a community garden. Visit a national park. Talk to your friends and family about environmental issues such as climate change, pesticide use, and pollution.   The best part? You dont need to wait until April 22 to celebrate Earth Day. Make every day Earth Day and help to make this planet a healthy place for all of us to enjoy.

Questions detailed below in criteria Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Questions detailed below in criteria - Essay Example In light of this a project to get ladies to swim would be beneficial when taking into consideration safety concerns in relating to flooding and the ability to swim to safety in the event that such an event occurs. Getting ladies to learn to swim means that their children and partners who are not able to swim will become interested in learning as well. The question therefore is - How will the project coordinator reach them in order to get them interested? Instead of preparing flyers and dropping them in mail boxes in Tower Hamlets, which can be very costly, the internet and social media is an effective way of reaching and communicating with people. Websites like Facebook, You Tube, Yahoo! and Google are some of the sites that are most visited and which could be tapped into. This project will not be successful without getting the ladies of Tower Hamlets involved. Therefore, the advertisements will focus on the unique features of Tower Hamlet which have already been noted that makes it so important for all especially the ladies to learn to swim. In addition to being a great form of exercise, it can be done regardless of the weather. Furthermore, swimming is a great way to reduce the risk of obesity. In order to make the project work the  £10,000 needs to be carefully budgeted. This amount is relatively small and so it is important to utilize resources within Tower Hamlet in order to remain within the means of the budget. The preparation of a financial budget is therefore critical to the success of the project. Preparing a budget is not always easy. However, it is important to understand that the total expenditure budgeted needs to be within the budget which is  £10,000. The amount budgeted for each expense would depend on the going costs of providing these services and so steps should be taken to ascertain these. Some of the things to be considered (assuming that the infrastructure is already in place) include: The possibility exists that the focus on ladies

Menu Driven Interface Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Menu Driven Interface - Essay Example Menu in Graphical User Interface plays an imperative for human interaction with the computers. Menu driven interfaces facilitate the users by providing a catalogue of options for selection to navigate from one page to another. Several strategies and approaches have been developed to create or select menu for the user interface of the computer application. And one of the strategies for the development of menu-driven interface is recognized as user dialog. In user dialog strategy, the control of the computer application is transferred back and forth between the computer application and the user. The user passes a command to the computer application by selecting a menu item and the computer application respond by executing the command. Usually, the related menu items of the computer application’s user interface are categorized into the groups that can be displayed in the dialogue boxes. This approach facilitates the users to search and navigate to the pages of the computer applic ation (Senn, 2009). Importance / Popularity of Menu Driven Interface There are various reasons for the popularity of the menu driven interfaces and most of the imperative reasons is the high level of usability. The users do not require remembering the commands for using the software application efficiently; therefore, the users can effectively utilize the computer application easily. Furthermore, the menu driven graphical user interface is suitable for even the novice computer for not generating the errors, as they do not require typing the commands. The effort required for utilizing the GUI application is much reduced as compared to the command line interface, hence, it can be stated that the productivity of the users is increased. Above all, a user guide is available to facilitate and help the users to successfully employ the application and achieve the required objectives of the computer application deployment. The menu driven interfaces are becoming more popular even in modern computing age because of their appealing features. The menu driven inte rface is not only beneficial for the users or clients, however, the software development companies also find it advantageous as they do not require developing the menu again and again. The software components are developed once and reused to development cost and time. Moreover, comparatively less training is required to use the computer system; therefore, the software companies can save the cost of extensive trainings. Hence, keeping in view the facts, it has been identified that the graphical user interface having menus has made the human computer interaction simpler and easier (Norman, 1991). Strategies of Menu Driven Interface So far diverse categorizations of the menu driven interfaces have been developed, however, mainly the menu driven interface can be categorized into three (3) major strategies include: the full screen menus, the bar and pull down menus and pop-up menus. These different strategies can be used to make menu driven interfaces visually more appealing as well as u ser friendly. The full screen menus usually represented on the entire screen of the computer application and the user selects the options given on the screen. The Pop-up menus (may also be called as user dialogue) are presented in the boxes with a list of

Relativism and Morality Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Relativism and Morality - Essay Example From this research it is clear that violation of another human being and to society with the taking of a life is universally wrong; it cannot be comprehended nor excused except in very few cases where violence begets violence. Warfare and the making of war between factions can be said to be racially motivated, territorial motivated, self-interest motivated, religiously motivated and politically motivated. None of these reasons present a strong enough argument to be the deciding faction which starts a conflict such as war. Responding in like becomes a very difficult position to be in for all of society. Taking quick action such as Goodman suggests would seem to be the best choice to avoid the mass murder of millions in a tense situation but look how we have responded to 9/11, a conflict that is still going on despite the death of the leader the United States initially sought. War unites and disunites people unlike any other act. Terrorist usually have a purpose or message behind their violent acts of destruction though these messages and purpose are immediately discounted when the act becomes violent and takes human lives that should be valued above all other considerations. Terrorism uses media sensation to gain national attention to a group or faction self-interested purpose, policy, religion, or idea. Media must take some responsibility in ascribing so much coverage and attention as to elicit repeats of similar behavior though citizens want to know what is going, regardless of their opinion on the issue. By our very actions we further feed the terrorist’s actions and it is a repetitious cycle.... Terrorist usually have a purpose or message behind their violent acts of destruction though these messages and purpose are immediately discounted when the act becomes violent and takes human lives that should be valued above all other considerations. Terrorism uses media sensation to gain national attention to a group or faction self-interested purpose, policy, religion, or idea. Media must take some responsibility in ascribing so much coverage and attention as to elicit repeats of similar behavior though citizens want to know what is going, regardless of their opinion on the issue. By our very actions we further feed the terrorist’s actions and it is a repetitious cycle. Human trafficking and slavery are just as deeply wrong, though I would imagine for the one being enslaved there must be periods of time that are so hateful that they are only thankful to be alive and not much else. It is pointed out that drugs, which are extremely scrutinized and resisted by the United States are sold merely once, while human beings can be sold repeatedly. Incest and human trafficking are to a much greater degree fundamentally wrong while polygamy can be situational. I disagree with Goodson’s views in this area, he uses the statement that polygamy diminishes intimacy and trust and transforms the nature of marriage which I believe that once again he is relying on language and communication as relationship factors, and societal standards which as his whole paper describes are obviously seriously out of order and frequently wrong because as a society we are extremely divide. I do not feel it is a morally wrong act to be a polygamist unless it involves minors marrying or situations that preclude to incest or child endangerment. Rape and clitoridectomy distorts

Theory Of Personality Development Essay Example for Free

Theory Of Personality Development Essay Introduction Personality development according to famous theorist Monique Laberge is the development of the organized pattern of behavior and attitudes that make a person distinctive. It includes the development of beliefs, moods an behavior that differentiate among the people. These unique attributes may result from a person’s unique experiences or because of his experiences shared with others. The combined effect of heredity and environment causes these attributes (Sturt Mary, 1999). Identical twins brought up together are more likely to show similar patterns of behavior than the identical twins reared apart. (Environment) However even twins reared apart are more similar than siblings who are not twins. (Heredity) Early Work by Sigmund Freud The best known theory of personality development developed from the works of Sigmund Freud, the father of psychoanalysis. Freud believed that personality has three basic components:- the id, the ego and the super-ego. Libido is the fundamental energy that provides the psychic energy for the achievements of goals. According to Freud sex and aggression are the only two drives and everything we do is motivated by one of them (Sturt Mary, 1999). Sex, also called Eros or life force drives people to live , prosper and produce offspring Aggression, also called Thantos or death force, stresses on the need to stay alive and to stave off threats to our existence. Id is the devil on your shoulder. Super-ego is the angel on your shoulder Ego has to maintain a healthy balance between the two which it does with the help of defense mechanisms namely: denial, displacement, Intellectualization, projection, rationalization , reaction formation, regression, repression, sublimation and suppression. Freud proposed that development of personality advanced through psycho-sexual   stages.:- the oral stage, the anal stage, the phallic stage, the period of latency and genital stage The genital stage is reached through the onset of adolescence. This is the final stage of development. Libidinal energies are re-aroused and the individual attempts to achieve adult sexuality. But if there have been difficulties in the earlier stages, the giving and receiving of adult love may be difficult or impossible to achieve (Sturt Mary, 1999). Carl Jung Theory of Personality Development After Freud several other theories were developed by his associates or later psychologists. They are often referred to as Neo-Freudian theorists and prominent among them are Carl Jung, Alfred Adler and Eric Eriksson. Carl Jung differed with Freud in many aspects. Jung gave more importance to current events rather than to childhood experiences. In his opinion social motives are far more important than sexual drives. His Analytic Theory also emphasized on spiritual needs and thoughts of future. Jung also differed with Freud in the conception of the Unconscious(Sturt Mary, 1999). Carl Jung focused on understanding the psyche of an individual through the dreams, mythology, religion, arts and philosophy. Carl Jung is credited to be the pioneer of four psychological concepts in personality development, which are widely taught in universities today(Sturt Mary, 1999). The Archetype The collective Unconscious The Complex Individuation The Archetype The hero archetype was first described by Carl Jung and it straight away originated from his understanding of various cultures. According to Jung each culture have heroes – those who have extra-ordinary powers to do extraordinary tasks(Sturt Mary, 1999). He further elucidated on it by explaining an individuals’ urge to be larger than life and he finds rest in those heroes archetype. It is no surprises that after these revelation, ‘Super Man’ one of the biggest comic of all time published. The comic took clue from Jung study and captivated the hearts and minds of people from all cultures. The Collective Unconscious The collective unconscious is one of the first things which led the differences between Freud and Jung. Unlike Freud, Jung believed that unconscious is more complex than just sexual motivations and aggression(Sturt Mary, 1999). As per Jung there are fears, anxieties etc which are common across cultures and they hugely influence the making of a personality. The Complex The complex self is best defined by Jung as the suppressed or repressed aspect of an individual’s conscious self. He categorized them into Constructive and Destructive types(Sturt Mary, 1999) – Constructive – It represents hidden positive affect or influence on an individual. Destructive – It represents the side an individual doesn’t want to recognize in himself. Individuation Jung explained Individuation as a process of growth and maturation which comes in an individual during the course of life. It is the process where he can detach from the inner self and find meaning in life. Process of Personality Development as per Carl Jung According to Jung each individual have an introvert and extrovert side and which side dominates the other influences the personality of an individual. As per Jung the conscious side helps an individual to adapt and orient while the unconscious self help in reacting or behaving in the particular manner. Jung categorized the behavior into four categories – sensation, thinking, feeling and intuition(Sturt Mary, 1999). He further defined that feeling and thinking is rational and comes with conscious side while intuition and sensation are irrational and originates from the unconscious. Bibliography STURT, MARY; OAKDEN, E C (1999) Modern Psychology and Education : A Text-Book of Psychology for Students in Training Colleges and Adult Evening Classes. Published by Routlege ISBN: 0-415-21009-7

Why Is Monopolies Harmful And How Can Regulation Ameliorate These Harm :: essays research papers

Why Is Monopolies Harmful and How Can Regulation Ameliorate These Harmful Effects? Why is monopoly ‘harmful? How can regulation ameliorate these harmful effects? What problems confront the regulators? In order to deduce that a monopoly is ‘harmful', there must be another market system which is preferable to monopoly so as to offer greater benefits to the public. A monopoly can therefore be compared to perfect competition. If the benefits of perfect competition outweigh the benefits of monopoly then a monopoly can be regarded as ‘harmful' since the consumers are not receiving the maximum possible utility for their purchases. Monopolies are criticised for their high prices, high profits and insensitivity to the public. Some governments therefore, in the light of these protests, advocate policies relating to monopolies, in order to regulate their power in favour of the public's interest. There are several reasons why monopolies may be against the public interest. It is claimed that monopolies produce at a lower level output and charge a higher price than under perfect competition in both the short run and the long run. Consider the diagram above. Assume that this monopolist attempts to maximise profits. Equating MC=MR yields an output of Qm and a price of Pm. If the same industry existed under perfect competition however, the price would be Ppc and output would be Qpc since under perfect competition P=MC=AR. The price in such a situation would thus be lower than under monopoly and output would be greater. Consumers obviously benefit if this is the case since P=MC implies P=Marginal utility so that consumers are maximising their total utility(Under monopoly P>MC and therefore arguably, not the optimum). In the long run under monopoly, supernormal profits persist. Under perfect competition complete freedom of entry leads to the elimination of these profits and forces firms to produce at the bottom of the long run average cost curve. Under monopoly however, there are barriers to entry so as to prevent new firms from entering the industry and reducing the monopolist's profits to the normal level. Higher prices and lower output thus continue to persist in the long run. Due to lack of competition, it is argued, a monopolist has no incentive to develop new techniques in order to survive. A monopolist can therefore make supernormal profits without using the most efficient techniques. Under perfect competition, in order for firms to survive, the most efficient techniques must be adopted or developed whenever possible or else the firm which fails to do so will be forced to shutdown. This argument leads to the conclusion that monopolies have higher cost curves than firms under perfect competition(Assuming

Data Warehouse: Understanding Rei

John Smith Dr. Daniels 2/14/13 Chapter 5 Video Case 1. Data warehouses store current as well as historical data and are used for creating trending reports for senior management reporting such as annual and quarterly comparisons. REI is building a data warehouse because they want to better serve their customers with their products. The data ware house allows REI to make the customers experience with their company a much more fulfilling one ensuring their return. 2.Consumer cooperatives have some disadvantages in comparison to traditional firms. Consumer cooperatives require a high level of organization. Because the consumers are helping to make many decisions there are more legal responsibilities for the company. The company must listen to the consumers and also provide rules that the consumer cooperative must follow as a whole. While it is great for the consumers to be so involved, traditional firms have less of a hassle and don’t need to take so many extra steps when making d ecisions. . REI’s data warehouse will allow them to create more marketing strategies, specifically on their online shopping Website. With the use of the data warehouse, REI’s website will be able to recognize customers when they log on to the Website. By doing this, REI can tailor products or information to the customer each time they log on. 4. Some risks of creating a data warehouse would be organization.Without proper organization the company will not be able to achieve the strategic objectives set out by top management. This will make the company seem unprepared and ultimately give their customers an unpleasant experience. 5. REI chose to work with IBM data technology because IBM has very effective and organized systems that make managing the data warehouses simple and easy. This allows REI to make effective strategic objectives and marketing strategies for the company to follow and accomplish.

Write about the different sociological perspectives and different theories on suicide, family, and health and medicine

In sociology there are many different perspectives. The perspectives are split up into two different group's macro sociology and micro sociology. Macro sociology detriments the individuals behaviour e.g. society shapes the person you are going to be. Micro sociology means a way of looking at things, people who believe in micro believe the individuals who live in it construct the society. Marxist and functionalist believe in macro sociology, interactions and feminist believe in micro sociology. A functionalist looks at society like a biologist looks at a human body. A functionalist sees everything in the world as a function and a meaning e.g. we need the environment we live in to start a family, and a family needs a education which leads to your economical status, which makes us have a good or bad environment. Functionalist use methods to get our statistics by using questionnaires, survey and structured interviews. Every society has basic needs and it needs to be organised so people can face them basic needs. Functionalist say there is to be order in every society if a society is going to exist. Durkheim's theory of suicide was based on the idea that it was the degree of social solidarity that explained variations in suicide rate by social solidarity he ment the bonds that hold people together. If the bonds were to loose then people would feel weakly connected to society and was more likely to commit suicide. If the bond were to tight then this could also lead to suicide as a person could loose their sense of self-preservation. Rates of suicide were consistent within society but varied between patterns e.g. catholic countries have low rates of suicide because they wont admit to people committing suicide they put it down to accidental death. Also in catholic countries there is different places people can go so they can feel closer together e.g. church. Functionalists believe family is important for reproduction, love and support they believe that the mother is there to love and take care of the children. Parson's theory of the development of the family is a general theory. He argues that the nuclear form of the family was well suited to the economy. Within this unit roles were specialised that one adult should be earning money from a paid job and the other should be at home with the children. In the eighteenth century adults were expected to take part in activities such as producting craftwork, collecting wood or arranging the food. I believe personally that family is important to get you through day to day activities, I feel that if I didn't have my family for love and support then I would feel weakly connected to society, this could lead to depression or suicide. In contrast interactionists see the world in different methods they see suicide in a different way than a functionalist, they see it as a micro sociology (which means a way of looking at things) they believe that individuals construct the society they live in. Douglas sees suicide in a different way then durkheime, he points out that the decision to weather a sudden death is suicide is made by a coroner and this is influenced by friends and family etc. Douglas suggests that if a person commits suicide family and friends may try to hide the fact that it is suicide and blame it on accidental death, because they believe it is there sense of responsibility to try and cover it up. Douglas points out that different cultures have different meanings of suicides, it is best to interview the person who knew them well. Atkinson doses not except that suicide exists as something waiting to be discovered. He feels that if sociologists believe this then they will seek facts that have nothing to do with social reality. He says society is part of the social world and if a death is unnatural then the officials will believe it is a suicide (themes and perspectives). Coroner's theory of suicide contains explanations if a person is brought up in broken homes, care or as suffered from nervous breakdowns then they are more likely to commit suicide than if a person as a normal up bringing. Also if a person as no family ties and feels alone in the world then they are also at high risk of feeling low and committing suicide. Radical psychiatrists explain the bad terms of being in a family. They say that a nuclear family is the prime area of emotional pressure and anxiety. In some families people can feel underpressure due to work or lack of sleep. It is known that a main factor in this development is caused by an illness called schizophrenia. This is well known illness that is associated with the term madness. Schizophrenia is a disease of the brain, the main disturbances are though thought process but this can extend to emotional and disturbing behaviour. The symptoms of this disease are hallucinations and delusions (positive) and apathy and withdrawal (negative). In some families adults have different rules for different family members. If a person as a mental illness in a family then it can be treated as a whole family unit. A Marxist is someone who believes that society is made up of two main groups, ruling class and working class. A ruling class person is someone who owns his or her own company or business. A working class person is someone who works for someone else. Power lies in the economic base. This determines dominant ideology through the media, religion, education and family. If someone is in trouble these people will deal with it, if the people in society don't listen then the court, army or mental insinuations (also known as the coroner) will deal with them. Marxist sees capitalism and its insinuations like family as oppressive, which means when the rich control the poor, or when a man controls a woman. Marxists believe that family is there to support the worker, they believe the worker should earn the money and the extended family should do the day to day activities e.g. cook clean wash etc. A feminist is someone who believes that society is also split in to two groups but they see the division between men and women. Many feminists argue that men have more power than women do. They have higher income and better-paid jobs. Feminists believe that all husbands don't oppress their wives but they are treated unequally in the workplace. There are 3 different types of feminism: Liberal feminism Socialist's feminism Radical feminism A liberal feminist is someone who believes in changing the law to give people equal opportunities in both work and the workplace. Socialist's feminist is someone who believes until capitalism no longer exists there will not be equality in society. Radical feminists believe that society should only exist as women. Feminists introduced the study of areas in family life e.g. housework and domestic violence in to sociology. Feminists challenge the view of male domination in families because they believe that men have greater benefits in families than others. Feminists argue that family life is based on co-operation, love, and shared interest, many feminists have questioned other feminists so that they can emphasise different experiences of women and see the different ways, which they are disadvantage in the workplace. Parson's functionalism looks at the role a sick person plays in society. Parsons stressed the motivation of being sick and getting better. Some people decide weather they are sick or not to withdrawal themselves from normal activities. Medicine is there to cure and control those who are sick so that they can return to their day-to-day activities and responsibilities. The sick role requires commitment to those who are unwell to return to normal as soon as they are well again. Doctors role is to act in the best interest of the patient, they have the right to look at the patient's body and take personal details from them. Functionalist believe that society is like a flow, if a person falls ill then it effects other people in society as they are unable to carry out roles around them. Symbolic interactionism looks at the idenity through interaction with others. Most studies show that a doctor as more power over a patient but if a patient consumes medicine from a market then they have the right to take it without doctor's consent. At a stage when a person is really sick the doctor as the right to say what happens however at a later stage the patient can become more involved as they are responsible for the management of there lives. Labelling is component in illness through the way people treat the ill person (doctors, friends, family) if a person as cancer than they are labelled a cancer patient even though they are still a person e.g. mother, friend etc. Marxist theory is more focused on the way money is structured in society to determine equality and power. Medicine as become a market product and can be brought and sold like any other product. Marxist claim that just because medicine is the organisation of health care, it doesn't mean it is free of capitalist influence. Marxist claim that most health problems are linked with unhappy and stressful work environments however rather than seeing the problems as individual's weakness Marxist see it as disadvantage of class and social construct. There is a pattern of unhealthy workers who work in industrial places linked with industrial substances; these substances are known to be responsible for 10% of male cancers. Over the past century feminists have male dominated medical professions they have medicalised events for women associated with pregnancy, menstruation and childbirth. Women themselves invented this medical invention and emerged medical professions to open a medicine market. In the 1950s pregnancy became a medical condition. Most women suffered from depression, anxiety and sleepiness. Most disorders that required motivation were linked with men. Feminists argue that only by breaking the main road with medicine women will gain control over their bodies. Most women who work with medicine are paramedics or nurses, these jobs are lower paid and they have less occupational status. Even though females attend the same medical school with the same attitude as their male friends they are still disadvantaged in the workplace.